Elevating CO2 concentration in the greenhouse enhances plants’ growth, shortens the growth period, and reduces energy costs related to plant production. Phalaenopsis, the obligate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants with high market value, effectively used the surplus CO2 for cooling and heating in the greenhouse at nighttime. Adequate nutrients and light controls were required to increase growth and flower production under elevated CO2 concentration. This study was conducted to investigate the growth, flowering, and photosynthetic responses of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ under 1) ambient CO2 (≈ 300 mmol･mol-1) and elevated CO2 (≈ 650 mmol･mol-1) with electrical conductivity (EC) control of 1.0 and 2.0 dS･m-1; 2) ambient CO2 (≈ 400 mmol･mol-1) and elevated CO2 (≈ 800 mmol･mol-1) with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) levels of CAN0-3 at the vegetative growth stage and potassium sulfate (SOP) levels of SOP1-4 at the reproductive growth stage; and 3) light levels of 150 ± 20 and 300 ± 20 mmol･m-2･s-1 with CAN levels of CAN1-4 under 800 mmol･mol-1. The number of lateral branches, floral buds, and potential yield had the highest value in the plants with EC 2.0 dS･m-1 under elevated CO2 among the treatments. The number of leaves and leaf area were decreased in the plants with CAN1 and CAN2 than in those with CAN0 under ambient CO2. The chlorophyll a fluorescence showed photosynthetic apparatus of Phalaenopsis was damaged in the plants with CAN0, CAN2, and CAN3 under elevated CO2. The root dry mass and net CO2 uptake increased in the plants with SOP2 under elevated CO2 than those under ambient CO2. The number of flowers decreased in the plants under elevated CO2 than those under ambient CO2; however, the dry mass of shoot and spike was not significantly different between CO2 concentrations. The maximum stomatal aperture, net CO2 uptake, and water-use efficiency increased more in the plants grown at 300 ± 20 mmol･m-2･s-1 with CAN1 among the treatments. Crop time of Phalaenopsis can be decreased more when the light level of 300 ± 20 mmol･m-2･s-1 is accompanied by CAN1 than those at a light level of 150 ± 20 mmol･m-2･s-1 at the vegetative growth stage. The nutrient supply at the reproductive growth stage could be designed to EC 2.0 dS･m-1 to improve the flowering quality of Phalaenopsis. Cooling and heating are essential in the greenhouse at nighttime, and Phalaenopsis can effectively use the surplus CO2 when nutrient and light levels are correctly adjusted.